Luxembourg Health
Biomarkers

Biomarkers

Granular analysis of individual clinical biomarkers, reference intervals, and actionable insights.

9 publications in this archive
Featured

Metanephrines: Free Plasma & Urinary Metabolites in Pheochromocytoma & Paraganglioma

A clinical guide to metanephrines: catecholamine O-methylation, diagnostic superiority of free metabolites, LC-MS/MS testing, and tumor localization.

·8 min

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·10 min

Renin: Juxtaglomerular Physiology, Plasma Renin Activity (PRA), and Direct Concentration (DRC)

A clinical guide to renin: renal baroreceptor regulation, enzymatic cleavage of angiotensinogen, PRA vs. DRC assays, cryoactivation, and diagnostic workup.

·8 min

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA): Serotonin Catabolism and Carcinoid Biomarker Analysis

A comprehensive clinical reference on 5-HIAA: serotonin catabolism, enterochromaffin cell biology, neuroendocrine tumor diagnostics, and pre-analytical protocols.

·8 min

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Pituitary Regulation and Diagnostic Utility

A clinical guide to adrenocorticotropic hormone: anterior pituitary synthesis, melanocortin 2 receptor activation, and endocrine differential diagnosis.

·8 min

Aldosterone: Renin-Angiotensin Regulation, Mineralocorticoid Physiology, and Reference Intervals

A comprehensive clinical reference on aldosterone: zona glomerulosa steroidogenesis, distal nephron electrolyte transport, and diagnostic workup of aldosteronism.

·8 min

Chromogranin A: Neuroendocrine Granule Secretion, Tumor Marker Dynamics, and Clinical Utility

A comprehensive clinical reference on Chromogranin A: neuroendocrine dense-core vesicle biology, tumor burden dynamics, and diagnostic evaluation.

·8 min

Cortisol: Physiological Role, Circadian Dynamics, and Clinical Reference Intervals

A comprehensive clinical reference on cortisol: adrenal steroidogenesis, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, optimal reference intervals, and diagnostic evaluation.

·9 min

Creatinine: Phosphocreatine Kinetics, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Diagnostic Utility

A comprehensive clinical reference on creatinine: skeletal muscle phosphocreatine breakdown, glomerular filtration kinetics, eGFR equations, and 24-hour urine validation.

·8 min

DHEA-Sulfate: Adrenal Androgenesis, Biomarker of Aging, and Clinical Utility

A comprehensive clinical reference on DHEA-sulfate: zona reticularis androgenesis, biological conversion, age-related decline, and endocrine diagnostics.